This description is taken from: National Institute of Standards and Technology Brief Introduction to STRs.
Tandemly repeated DNA sequences are widespread throughout the human genome and show sufficient variability among individuals in a population that they have become important in several fields including genetic mapping, linkage analysis, and human identity testing. These tandemly repeated regions of DNA are typically classified into several groups depending on the size of the repeat region. Minisatellites (variable number of tandem repeats, VNTRs) have core repeats with 9-80 bp, while microsatellites (short tandem repeats, STRs) contain 2-5 bp repeats. The forensic DNA community has moved primarily towards tetranucleotide repeats, which may be amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with greater fidelity than dinucleotide repeats. The variety of alleles present in a population is such that a high degree of discrimination among individuals in the population may be obtained when multiple STR loci are examined.
The region definitions are obtained from: National Institute of Standards and Technology FBI CODIS Core STR Loci
gene genomic location repeating sequences (STRs) locus TPOX chr2:1,489,568-1,489,738 AATG D3S1358 chr3:45,540,612-45,540,935 TCTA/TCTG FGA chr4:154,587,511-154,588,005 TTTC/TTTT/TTCT/CTTT/CTCC/TTCC D5S818 chr5:123,775,262-123,775,937 AGAT CSF1PO chr5:150,076,172-150,076,490 AGAT D7S820 chr7:84,159,945-84,160,482 GATA D8S1179 chr8:124,894,738-124,895,197 TCTA/TCTG TH01 chr11:2,170,711-2,171,770 AATG/ATG VWA chr12:5,983,825-5,984,174 TCTA/TCTG/TCCA D13S317 chr13:82,147,846-82,148,218 TATC/AATC D16S539 chr16:86,352,320-86,352,912 GATA D18S51 chr18:63,281,248-63,282,317 AGAA D21S11 chr21:19,181,866-19,182,275 TCTA/TCTG AMELX chrX:11,296,605-11,296,939 polymorphism AMELY chrY:6,869,982-6,870,187 polymorphism 01 Jan 2017 added: D1S1656 chr1:230,769,329-230,769,904 TAGA/TAGG D2S441 chr2:68,011,777-68,012,172 TCTA D2S1338 chr2:218,014,601-218,015,031 TGCC/TTCC D10S1248 chr10:129,294,018-129,294,623 GGAA D12S391 chr12:12,296,826-12,297,399 AGAT/AGAC D19S433 chr19:29,925,974-29,926,466 AAGG/AAAG/TAGG D22S1045 chr22:37,140,171-37,140,616 ATT/ACT
All of these regions can be seen in one genome browser session using the 'multi-region' function to display them together as a set: genome.ucsc.edu/s/Hiram/hg38.codis.
The display indicates the regions of the genome amplified by the PCR primers, the aligment of the PCR primers to the genome, and the repeating pattern of the STR elements selected by the primers.
This display was constructed by Hiram Clawson at the U.C. Santa Cruz Genomics Institute.
National Institute of Standards and Technology FBI CODIS Core STR Loci
National Institute of Standards and Technology Overview of STR Fact Sheets with references to all publications for each of the STR systems.
Erin Butler, Richard Li: CUNY John Jay College Genetic Markers for Sex Identification in Forensic DNA Analysis 21 Aug 2014.
Shadrach B, Commane M, Hren C, Warshawsky I. A rare mutation in the primer binding region of the amelogenin gene can interfere with gender identification. J Mol Diagn. 2004 Nov;6(4):401-5. doi: 10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60538-7. PMID: 15507681; PMCID: PMC1876427.
Grubwieser P, Mühlmann R, Parson W. New Sensitive Amplification Primers for the STR Locus D2S1338 for Degraded Casework DNA Int J Legal Med 2003 Jun;117(3):185-8. doi: 10.1007/s00414-002-0359-y. Epub 2003 Feb 11.
Natsuko Mizuno, D.V.M.; Tetsushi Kitayama, M.Sc.; Koji Fujii, Ph.D.; Hiroaki Nakahara, D.V.M.;Kanako Yoshida, Ph.D.; Kazumasa Sekiguchi, Ph.D.; Naoto Yonezawa, Ph.D.; Minoru Nakano, Ph.D.; and Kentaro Kasai, Ph.D. A D19S433 Primer Binding Site Mutation and the Frequency in Japanese of the Silent Allele It Causes J. Forensic Sci,September 2008, Vol. 53, No. 5 doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00806.x