Human
Homo sapiens
(Graphic courtesy of CBSE)

UCSC Genome Browser assembly ID: hg38
Sequencing/Assembly provider ID: GRCh38 Genome Reference Consortium Human Reference 38 (GCA_000001405.15)
Assembly date: Dec. 2013
Accession ID: GCA_000001305.2
NCBI Genome information: NCBI genome/51 (Homo sapiens)
NCBI Assembly information: NCBI assembly/883148 (GRCh38/GCA_000001405.15)
BioProject information: NCBI Bioproject: 31257


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Assembly Details

The GRCh38 assembly is the first major revision of the human genome released in more than four years. As with the previous GRCh37 assembly, the Genome Reference Consortium (GRC) is now the primary source for human genome assembly data submitted to GenBank. Beginning with this release, the UCSC Genome Browser version numbers for the human assemblies now match those of the GRC to minimize version confusion. Hence, the GRCh38 assembly is referred to as "hg38" in the Genome Browser datasets and documentation. For a glossary of assembly-related terms, see the GRC Assembly Terminology page.

GRCh38 Highlights

Chromosome naming conventions
UCSC has introduced some slight changes to the Genome Browser chromosome naming scheme with this release:

Pseudoautosomal regions
The Y chromosome in this assembly contains two pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) that were taken from the corresponding regions in the X chromosome and are exact duplicates:

chrY:10,000-2,781,479 and chrY:56,887,902-57,217,415
chrX:10,000-2,781,479 and chrX:155,701,382-156,030,895

Assembly statistics
For a detailed set of statistics about this assembly, see the GRCh38 GenBank record.
NumberHaplotypesUnplaced Contigs
chr1129
chr2152
chr3161
chr4111
chr5131
chr6160
chr790
chr8160
chr954
chr1040
chr11121
chr12130
chr1360
chr1448
chr1591
chr1661
chr17183
chr18100
chr19430
chr2040
chr2170
chr2299
chrX30
chrY01
chrM00

TypeTotal
chromosomes25
haplotypes261
unlocalized contigs42
unplaced contigs127
Total455

For more information about the files included in the GRCh38 GenBank submission, see the GRCh38 README. Bulk downloads of the sequence and annotation data may be obtained from the Genome Browser FTP server or the Downloads page. The annotation tracks for this browser were generated by UCSC and collaborators worldwide.

References

Miga KH, Newton Y, Jain M, Altemose N, Willard HF, Kent WJ. Centromere reference models for human chromosomes X and Y satellite arrays. Genome Res. 2014 Apr;24(4):697-707. Epub 2014 Feb 5.