Human
Homo sapiens
(Graphic courtesy of CBSE)

UCSC Genome Browser assembly ID: hg38
Sequencing/Assembly provider ID: Genome Reference Consortium Human GRCh38.p14 (GCA_000001405.29)
Assembly date: Dec. 2013 initial release; June 2022 patch release 14
Assembly accession: GCA_000001405.29
NCBI Genome ID: 51 (Homo sapiens (human))
NCBI Assembly ID: GCF_000001405.40 (GRCh38.p14, GCA_000001405.29)
BioProject ID: PRJNA31257


Search the assembly:


Download sequence and annotation data:


Assembly Details

The GRCh38 assembly is the first major revision of the human genome released in more than four years. As with the previous GRCh37 assembly, the Genome Reference Consortium (GRC) is now the primary source for human genome assembly data submitted to GenBank. Beginning with this release, the UCSC Genome Browser version numbers for the human assemblies now match those of the GRC to minimize version confusion. Hence, the GRCh38 assembly is referred to as "hg38" in the Genome Browser datasets and documentation. For a glossary of assembly-related terms, see the GRC Assembly Terminology page.

GRCh38 Highlights

Chromosome naming conventions
UCSC has introduced some slight changes to the Genome Browser chromosome naming scheme with this release:

Pseudoautosomal regions
The Y chromosome in this assembly contains two pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) that were taken from the corresponding regions in the X chromosome and are exact duplicates:

chrY:10,000-2,781,479 and chrY:56,887,902-57,217,415
chrX:10,000-2,781,479 and chrX:155,701,382-156,030,895

Assembly statistics
For a detailed set of statistics about this assembly, see the GRCh38 GenBank record.
NumberHaplotypesFixesUnlocalized Contigs
chr122129
chr222102
chr322101
chr41791
chr51761
chr61860
chr71250
chr81790
chr9754
chr10580
chr1116151
chr121690
chr13880
chr14638
chr151161
chr161051
chr172293
chr181230
chr195960
chr20420
chr21740
chr221459
chrX770
chrY041
chrM000

TypeTotal
chromosomes25
haplotypes351
fixes166
unlocalized contigs42
unplaced contigs127
Total711

For more information about the files included in the GRCh38 GenBank submission, see the GRCh38 README. Bulk downloads of the sequence and annotation data may be obtained from the Genome Browser Downloads page or the FTP server. The annotation tracks for this browser were generated by UCSC and collaborators worldwide.

References

Miga KH, Newton Y, Jain M, Altemose N, Willard HF, Kent WJ. Centromere reference models for human chromosomes X and Y satellite arrays. Genome Res. 2014 Apr;24(4):697-707. Epub 2014 Feb 5.